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                <text>Membrete de la Ramos Amusement Co.</text>
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                <text>Membrete de la Ramos Amusement Co. (&lt;em&gt;Leimasi Yingpian Gongsi&lt;/em&gt; 雷瑪斯影片公司), la empresa del granadino Antonio Ramos Espejo, en el que se listan sus ocho cines: Olympic, Victoria, Empire, China, Hongkew, Carter, National y Palace.</text>
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                <text>TORO ESCUDERO, Juan Ignacio.&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Espa&amp;ntilde;a y los espa&amp;ntilde;oles en el Shanghai de entreguerras (1918-1939)&lt;/em&gt; (Practicum fin de grado, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya), Anejo VIII, pag. 222.</text>
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                <text>Mansión de verano para Antonio Ramos, de Abelardo Lafuente</text>
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                <text>El arquitecto Abelardo Lafuente dise&amp;ntilde;&amp;oacute; este edificio inmueble eclecticista, de composici&amp;oacute;n clasicista y con clara referencia a historicismos neo &amp;aacute;rabes, como mansi&amp;oacute;n de veraneo para el empresario &lt;a href="http://ace.uoc.edu/exhibits/show/galeria-de-personajes/antonio-ramos"&gt;Antonio Ramos&lt;/a&gt;. Granadino de origen, el cliente solicit&amp;oacute; este estilo que era, por otro lado, representativo de Espa&amp;ntilde;a a finales del siglo XIX. El edificio se mantiene actualmente en el 250 de Duolun Lu, lo que en 1924 constitu&amp;iacute;a las afueras de la ciudad donde la familia Ramos buscaba sobrellevar el intenso calor del verano de Shanghai. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Se trata de una casa-patio con un jard&amp;iacute;n posterior. Ten&amp;iacute;a una casa anexa &amp;nbsp;para el servicio&amp;nbsp;dividida en dos cuerpos frente a la entrada del patio al que volcaban todas las habitaciones y al que se llegaba directamente a trav&amp;eacute;s del hall principal. Se construy&amp;oacute; con hormig&amp;oacute;n armado tanto para los pilares como para los forjados de losa de hormig&amp;oacute;n, t&amp;eacute;cnica constructiva que Lafuente ya hab&amp;iacute;a usado en proyectos anteriores. La cimentaci&amp;oacute;n es de zapatas aisladas en hormig&amp;oacute;n, igual que en el edificio de &lt;a href="http://ace.uoc.edu/items/show/116"&gt;Apartamentos Ramos&lt;/a&gt;, en la parcela anexa, que se construy&amp;oacute; al mismo tiempo. Es una edificaci&amp;oacute;n de cubierta plana transitable en la que se construyeron tres c&amp;uacute;pulas recubiertas de tejas cer&amp;aacute;micas: una c&amp;uacute;pula de mayor tama&amp;ntilde;o sobre la caja de escaleras y otras dos sobre cuatro peque&amp;ntilde;os pilares de hormig&amp;oacute;n. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El material que da mayor car&amp;aacute;cter, importancia y distinci&amp;oacute;n a la casa son las baldosas cer&amp;aacute;micas en fachada como en buena parte de los pavimentos exteriores e interiores. Tambi&amp;eacute;n emplean en las paredes interiores, con diferentes tipos de geometr&amp;iacute;as inspiradas en los dise&amp;ntilde;os de algunos salones de la Alhambra de Granada. Parece tratarse de baldosa hidr&amp;aacute;ulica, probablemente importada de Espa&amp;ntilde;a.</text>
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                <text>LEONARDO P&amp;Eacute;REZ, &amp;Aacute;lvaro (2019). &lt;em&gt;Abelardo Lafuente Garc&amp;iacute;a-Rojo (1871-1931), un arquitecto espa&amp;ntilde;ol en China&lt;/em&gt; (Madrid: Universidad Alcal&amp;aacute; de Henares, unpublished PhD thesis). Ficha 14.24.</text>
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                <text>Álvaro Leonardo Pérez</text>
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                <text>Fotografía de la torre Gutzlaf</text>
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                <text>Fotografía de Tang Zhenchang 唐振常. De 36,8 metros de altura, la torre de señales nombrada en honor del misionero alemán Karl Gützlaff servía para preveer tifones. Según Gaudencio Castrillo, Modesto Martí participó en su construcción. </text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Virtual Shanghai&lt;/em&gt;, ID &lt;a href="http://www.virtualshanghai.net/Photos/Images?ID=14940"&gt;14940&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Fotografía de la fábrica de Shanghai Leather Co.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Lao Shanghai baiye zhinan&lt;/em&gt; 老上海百业指南. Shanghai: Shanghai Shehui Kexueyuan Chubanshe, 2004.</text>
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                <text>Fábrica de la Shanghai Leather  Co. (上海皮厂), fundada por Albert Cohen y José Haim Eskenazi, en el 59 de Branan Road.</text>
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                <text>Retrato de José Haim Eskenazi</text>
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                <text>1947</text>
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                <text>Fotografía de José Haim Eskenazi, cuñado y socio de Albert Cohen en la Shanghai Leather (上海皮厂), obtenida por el servicio de inmigración mexicano.</text>
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                <text>Ficha de Haim Eskenazi, Jos&amp;eacute; ES.28005.AGA Registro Nacional de Extranjeros en M&amp;eacute;xico (&lt;a href="http://pares.mcu.es/MovimientosMigratorios/detalle.form?nid=63844"&gt;copia digital&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
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                <text>Edificio de Apartamentos Ramos, de Abelardo Lafuente</text>
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                <text>Edificio construido por Abelardo Lafuente en la calle North Szechuan Road (actual 2081-2093, North Sichuan Road) para su amigo y mecenas, el empresario Antonio Ramos. El inmueble sigue en pie en la actualidad. &#13;
&#13;
El inmueble posee cuatro núcleos de escalera que en cada planta sirven a dos apartamentos cada uno. Originalmente se hizo de planta baja más tres pero con posterioridad se le añadió la cuarta planta que lo corona hoy en día. Todos los apartamentos son pasantes de la fachada delantera hasta la trasera y se organizan alrededor de un patio de luces interior en la parte posterior. Este elemento, tan común en la arquitectura española, es algo muy poco utilizado en China, donde los patios de luces en este tipo de edificios son casi inexistentes, lo cual dota a este inmueble de un mayor interés a nivel arquitectónico y constructivo.&#13;
&#13;
Actualmente, una placa en la fachada lo distingue como bien cultural, tanto por su valor arquitectónico como por el hecho de que el escritor Lu Xun residió en el tercer piso en los años treinta.&#13;
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;LEONARDO P&amp;Eacute;REZ, &amp;Aacute;lvaro (2019). &lt;em&gt;Abelardo Lafuente Garc&amp;iacute;a-Rojo (1871-1931), un arquitecto espa&amp;ntilde;ol en China&lt;/em&gt; (Madrid: Universidad Alcal&amp;aacute; de Henares, unpublished PhD thesis). Resumen proveniente de la ficha edificio 14.25 en p&amp;aacute;ginas 391-394.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Álvaro Leonardo Pérez</text>
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                <text>Retrato de Albert Cohen</text>
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                <text>1920 (ca.)</text>
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                <text>S&amp;Aacute;NCHEZ, Juan Pablo, "&lt;a href="http://esefarad.com/?p=52167"&gt;La peque&amp;ntilde;a colonia judio-espa&amp;ntilde;ola en la Shanghai de los a&amp;ntilde;os 20&lt;/a&gt;", &lt;em&gt;ESefarad,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;19 de diciembre de 2013.</text>
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                <text>Albert Cohen (Constantinopla, 1870- Los Ángeles, 3 de abril de 1930), empresario nacionalizado español con amplios intereses en el sector del transporte.</text>
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